日本語１３１　　　漢字　L６

Kanji Review:

今　いま　こん　今＋日＝今日 (きょう)　

Also, with は we get 今日は (こんにちは)

And with 週 for Week we get 今週= this week

私　わたし I, me

All our Days of the Week end in 曜日(ようび), right?

曜 is a complex kanji -- see below

-- the び comes from the kanji for Day or Sun 日

月　げつ　moon, month 月曜日

火　か、ひ fire　火曜日

水　すい、みず water　水曜日

木　もく、　き wood, tree　木曜日

金　かね、きん　metal 金子　金曜日

土　ど、つち earth　土曜日

日　ひ、び、にち　day, sun 日本　also 日曜日 Sunday　

曜　よう　for days of the week 曜日

何　なん、なに　What 何曜日？ What day is it?

週　しゅう　week 今週 this week、先週 last week、　

末　まつ、すえ　end, tip　週末= weekend

休み　やすみ vacation, rest,

-- 休みの日(ひ) = day off

 

今週の週末　何を しますか =

What will you do this weekend?

For answers, See Activities p. 213

I will...

cook

do laundry

clean

do your part-time job (アルバイト)

work

read a newspaper

(do) shopping or

go shopping

write an email

ask sensei a question (Person に　ききます）)

ask a question in general (nounしつもん＋します)

speak in Japanese

(do) a phone call

make a phone call (dial、かけます)

 

p. 215

listen to music

go to a concert

go on a picnic

(do) exercise

(do) tennis

(do) jogging

swim in the pool

go out (new verb でかけます)

meet a friend

wait for a friend (new verb まちます)

take a walk

play, have fun (new verb あそびます)

play (video) games

chill at home

write a letter (てがみ)

read a magazine

have a party

invite a friend over

 

older patterns:

study at the library

go to see a movie

 

8 New い-Adjectives　

いそがしい -busy　　[ひま] = free time, leisure

うれしい -happy　　かなしい -sad

やさしい -easy　　むずかしい -difficult, hard

おもしろい -interesting　つまらない -boring

たのしい　-fun, pleasant

 

So we are adding these 8 new い-Adjectives to our exisitng list from Ch. 4:

大きい　ー　小さい　

あたらしい　ーふるい　

たかい　

Plus all the colors: あかい、あおい、きいろい、

くろい、しろい etc.

 

Then, in Ch. 5 we added just 5 more

あかるい　ー　くらい　

ひろい　ー　せまい　

はやい - fast

 

 

New な-Adjectives

げんき - healty, lively, cheerful

ざんねん - too bad, regrettable　

たいへん - tough, difficult　

だいじょうぶ -all right, no problem, OK

にぎやか - lively

ひま - leisure/free time, discretionary time

 

We already had

きれい、りっぱ、and ゆうめい　from Ch. 4 ＋　

しずか (Ch 5)

 

Adverbs

いっしょに - together with

ぜひ - absolutely, without fail, By all means!

ゆっくり - slowly; or to relax

 

 

Dialogue:

週末 は　どう(How) でしたか。

How was your weekend?

Ans: とても　たのしかった　です。

(It was very pleasant)

 

Li: それは　よかった　ですね。

(Oh, that's great, isn't it!)

 

What do we have here?

A conversation about the past!　

The ask is 週末 は　どう (How) でしたか

The どう comes from こう、そう、ああ、どう family of words....meaning "In this way, that way and which way or How?"

and BTW, these are all LONG vowels so we extend by adding う. Some of you are still writing

そう　です　as そ　です. Nope.

 

= So, when asked HOW something was, we see the response in the Past form of an い-Adj:

How do we DO that?

We drop final い and add +かった

たのしいーーー＞たのし＋かった　

ふるいーーー＞　ふる＋かった Of course, いい is always a little different

いいーーー＞よいーーー＞よ＋かった You will hear/use this alot, right?

How was it? どう　でしたか

よかった　です = It was great!

Or, maybe it was rough = たいへん　でした

Or maybe you were swamped = いそがいかった　です

 

 

We also have the use of と linking 2 NOUNS meaning AND

ペン　と　えんぴつ；

コーヒー　と　おちゃ　

田中さん　と　山川さん

And the use of に to indicate "purpose" of movement, i.e., WHY you went or are going someplace.

しぶや に　かいもの + に+ いって

Later 上田さん invites リーさん by asking him:

うちに　あそび に　きませんか。

"Won't you come over to my house for a visit (some fun)?"　

あそびます＝ a Verb, which means"Play/Have Fun."

あそび　is the STEM (pre-ます) form of the verb

We add + the に and get the sense of the purpose for the visit.

 

"Come to talk" = はなし　＋　に　＋　きます

"Go to eat" = たべ　＋　に　＋　いきます　

"Go to drink" = のみ　＋　に　＋　いきます

 

みちこさん　と　しぶやに　かいもの　に　いって、

コンサートへ　いきました。

Also, we see in L. 6 Verbs and Adjectives in the て form = the "continuative" = a way to string together some actions or activities in sequence.

Remember, we can't link actions with と; that is for Nouns only:

日本　と　アメリカ、

くるま　と　バス　

 

But we cannot say

 

かいもの　に　いきました　と　コンサートへ　いきました

It has to be,

かいもの　に　いって、コンサートへ　いきました

= which means

"I went shopping and then to a Concert."

 

How was リーさん's weekend?

しゅくだいが　たくさん　あって、=

Ha(d) lots of homework

週末 は　ずっと　うちで　べんきょうしました。

So I studied at home all weekend. It is that final verb, べんきょうしました that tells us that the whole sentence is in the Past Tense (しました)

 

それは　たいへんでしたね。

Wow that was tough!

(i.e., Past of a な-Adjective -- we just add でした = the past form of です

 

ええ、だから(Right, so, therefore)　

いそがしくて、(Busy て form) = I was busy

ぜんぜん おもしろく なかったです = and it was NO fun

(Neg Past of おもしろい)　おもしろくないー→ inflects too, into なかった, i.e.,

We take = ない、drop the fianl い　＋ add　

かった to the remianing な...　

 

The て　Form of い-Adjective = Adj Base + くて

た or Past form of い-Adjective = Base + かった

＝なかった　= past of ない

For "Big" we have:

大きい、Big 大きくない Not Big、

大きかった Was Big　大きくなかった Was not Big

 

So here it is the た form not of a verb but of an い-Adjective that determines the overall tense of the sentence.

So, the big Adds of L. 6 include the て Form

of い- and な　Adjectives、and of Verbs + た form of Adj. Through all our transformations of い-Adjectives, the Base remains constant: it is the Unchanging part of the Word: たか、ふる、小さ、

あたらし、ひろ、せま、etc.

 

 

 

 

まい日　＋　Activity pp. 213-216

 

まい週　

まいばん

先週

今日　きょう=today

あした = tomorrow

きのう = yesterday